Python 断路器：构建容错和弹性应用

            
import time

class CircuitBreaker:
 def __init__(self, service_function, failure_threshold=3, retry_timeout=10):
 self.service_function = service_function
 self.failure_threshold = failure_threshold
 self.retry_timeout = retry_timeout
 self.state = 'closed'
 self.failure_count = 0
 self.last_failure_time = None

 def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
 if self.state == 'open':
 if time.time() - self.last_failure_time < self.retry_timeout:
 raise Exception('Circuit is open')
 else:
 self.state = 'half-open'

 if self.state == 'half_open':
 try:
 result = self.service_function(*args, **kwargs)
 self.state = 'closed'
 self.failure_count = 0
 return result
 except Exception as e:
 self.failure_count += 1
 self.last_failure_time = time.time()
 self.state = 'open'
 raise e

 if self.state == 'closed':
 try:
 result = self.service_function(*args, **kwargs)
 self.failure_count = 0
 return result
 except Exception as e:
 self.failure_count += 1
 if self.failure_count >= self.failure_threshold:
 self.state = 'open'
 self.last_failure_time = time.time()
 raise Exception('Circuit is open') from e
 raise e

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            
import time
import random

def my_service(success_rate=0.8):
 if random.random() < success_rate:
 return "Success!"
 else:
 raise Exception("Service failed")


circuit_breaker = CircuitBreaker(my_service, failure_threshold=2, retry_timeout=5)

for i in range(10):
 try:
 result = circuit_breaker()
 print(f"Attempt {i+1}: {result}")
 except Exception as e:
 print(f"Attempt {i+1}: Error: {e}")
 time.sleep(1)

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            
import time
import logging
import functools

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

class CircuitBreaker:
 def __init__(self, service_function, failure_threshold=3, retry_timeout=10, timeout=5):
 self.service_function = service_function
 self.failure_threshold = failure_threshold
 self.retry_timeout = retry_timeout
 self.timeout = timeout
 self.state = 'closed'
 self.failure_count = 0
 self.last_failure_time = None
 self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

 @staticmethod
 def _timeout(func, timeout): #Decorator
 @functools.wraps(func)
 def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
 import signal

 def handler(signum, frame):
 raise TimeoutError("Function call timed out")

 signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, handler)
 signal.alarm(timeout)
 try:
 result = func(*args, **kwargs)
 signal.alarm(0)
 return result
 except TimeoutError:
 raise
 except Exception as e:
 raise
 finally:
 signal.alarm(0)
 return wrapper


 def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
 if self.state == 'open':
 if time.time() - self.last_failure_time < self.retry_timeout:
 self.logger.warning('Circuit is open, rejecting request')
 raise Exception('Circuit is open')
 else:
 self.logger.info('Circuit is half-open')
 self.state = 'half_open'

 if self.state == 'half_open':
 try:
 result = self._timeout(self.service_function, self.timeout)(*args, **kwargs)
 self.logger.info('Circuit is closed after successful half-open call')
 self.state = 'closed'
 self.failure_count = 0
 return result
 except TimeoutError as e:
 self.failure_count += 1
 self.last_failure_time = time.time()
 self.logger.error(f'Half-open call timed out: {e}')
 self.state = 'open'
 raise e
 except Exception as e:
 self.failure_count += 1
 self.last_failure_time = time.time()
 self.logger.error(f'Half-open call failed: {e}')
 self.state = 'open'
 raise e

 if self.state == 'closed':
 try:
 result = self._timeout(self.service_function, self.timeout)(*args, **kwargs)
 self.failure_count = 0
 return result
 except TimeoutError as e:
 self.failure_count += 1
 if self.failure_count >= self.failure_threshold:
 self.logger.error(f'Service timed out repeatedly, opening circuit: {e}')
 self.state = 'open'
 self.last_failure_time = time.time()
 raise Exception('Circuit is open') from e
 self.logger.error(f'Service timed out: {e}')
 raise e
 except Exception as e:
 self.failure_count += 1
 if self.failure_count >= self.failure_threshold:
 self.logger.error(f'Service failed repeatedly, opening circuit: {e}')
 self.state = 'open'
 self.last_failure_time = time.time()
 raise Exception('Circuit is open') from e
 self.logger.error(f'Service failed: {e}')
 raise e

            

              
                Copy
              
            
          

            
import time
import random

def my_service(success_rate=0.8):
 time.sleep(random.uniform(0, 3))
 if random.random() < success_rate:
 return "Success!"
 else:
 raise Exception("Service failed")

circuit_breaker = CircuitBreaker(my_service, failure_threshold=2, retry_timeout=5, timeout=2)

for i in range(10):
 try:
 result = circuit_breaker()
 print(f"Attempt {i+1}: {result}")
 except Exception as e:
 print(f"Attempt {i+1}: Error: {e}")
 time.sleep(1)

            

              
                Copy